Context
ICAR develops a Miniature Plant Genome Editing Tool ‘ISDra2TnpB’
About ISDra2TnpB:
- Designed for genome editing in plants
- To overcome the limitations of Cas9 and Cas12 in CRISPR technology
- CRISPR Limitations: Standard CRISPR proteins like Cas9 and Cas12 are large, containing 1000-1350 amino acids, making them difficult to deliver effectively into cells, especially via viral vectors.
- Features of ISDra2TnpB:
- TnpB Proteins: Derived from Deinococcus Radiodurans, a bacterium known for its resilience in extreme conditions.
- Size Efficiency: TnpB consists of 350-500 amino acids, making it more efficient.
- Transposon Origin: Part of the transposon family (jumping genes) that move within the genome and target specific DNA sequences using RNA guidance.
- Advantages:
- Targeting Ability: TnpB can target unique genome regions that Cas9 cannot, expanding the scope of genome editing.
- Fusion Protein Creation: Facilitates the formation of fusion proteins by combining genes from separate proteins, enhancing genome engineering applications.
- Broad Applicability: Effective in both types of flowering plants—Monocots (e.g., rice) and Dicots (e.g., Arabidopsis).
Source:
TH
Previous Year Question
What is Cas9 protein that is often mentioned in news?
[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2019 Prelims]
(a) A molecular scissors used in targeted gene editing
(b) A biosensor used in the accurate detection of pathogens in patients
(c) A gene that makes plants pest-resistant
(d) A herbicidal substance synthesized in genetically modified crops
Answer: (a)
