Context
Study finds rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the young in south India
About Diabetes
- A chronic disease where the pancreas does not produce insulin or the body can’t effectively use insulin.
- Insulin: A hormone that regulates blood glucose levels.
- Hyperglycaemia: Raised blood glucose due to lack of insulin or ineffective use of insulin.
- Long-term Effects: High glucose levels can cause blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke, and lower limb amputation.
Types of Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
- Cause: Immune system destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
- Insulin Production: Little or no insulin is produced.
- Management: Requires daily insulin administration.
- Diagnosis: Often diagnosed in children and young people (formerly called juvenile diabetes).
- Symptoms: Excessive urination (polyuria), thirst (polydipsia), constant hunger, weight loss, vision changes, and fatigue.
Type 2 Diabetes
- Cause: Body’s ineffective use of insulin produced.
- Prevalence: Accounts for more than 95% of diabetes cases.
- Risk Factors: Linked to excess body weight and physical inactivity.
- Symptoms: Similar to type 1 but often less severe; may be diagnosed years after onset.
Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
- Definition: High blood glucose during pregnancy, leading to complications for mother and child.
- Post-Pregnancy: Usually disappears after pregnancy, but increases risk of developing type 2 diabetes for both mother and child later in life.
Source:
TH
Previous Year Question
Consider the following statements in the context of interventions being undertaken under Anaemia Mukt Bharat Strategy:
1. It provides prophylactic calcium supplementation for pre-school children, adolescents and pregnant women.
2. It runs a campaign for delayed cord clamping at the time of childbirth.
3. It provides for periodic deworming. to children and adolescents.
4. It addresses non-nutritional causes of anaemia in endemic pockets with special focus on malaria, hemoglobinopathies and fluorosis.
[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2023 Prelims]
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
(d) All four
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Statement 1 is not correct:
The AMB Strategy does provide for prophylactic iron and folic acid supplementation, which is essential for haemoglobin production, but it doesn’t focus on calcium supplementation.
