Context
Safe microbial substitute can replace synthetic surfactants in the food industry
About Biosurfactants
- Surface-active molecules produced by microorganisms.
- Formed on the cell surface or secreted extracellularly.
- Aid in detachment/attachment to surfaces, regulate motility, and assist in quorum sensing.
- Features
- Physical Characteristics: High emulsification, solubilization, foaming, and adsorption.
- Stability: Stable across various pH, temperature, and salinity ranges.
- Eco-Friendly: Non-toxic, safe for human consumption.
- Applications
- Food Industry: Used in bakeries, salad dressings, and as natural antioxidants.
- Heavy Metal Removal: Clean vegetables, boosting fish immunity.
- Pathogen Protection: Provide protective effects against pathogens.
About Surfactant
- Molecules that move across the surfaces of oil, water, or air to mix them into an emulsion.
- Types: Can be synthetic or natural (e.g., biosurfactants).
- Applications:
- Emulsifiers: Help mix oil and water.
- Lubricants: Provide smoothness in food textures.
- Foamers: Aid in forming and stabilizing foam.
- Dispersing Agents: Evenly distribute ingredients.
- Moisture Retention: Maintain moisture in food products.
- Shelf Life: Improve the longevity of food products.
Source:
PIB
Previous Year Question
Consider the following:
1. Aerosols
2.Foam agents
3.Fire retardants
4.Lubricants
[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2023 Prelims]
In the making of how many of the above are hydrofluorocarbons used?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
(d) All four
Answer: (c)
Explanation
HFCs are not used for making lubricants.
