UPSC Prelims Facts – 31 July 2024

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Scientists developed enhanced, precise and more efficient genome-editing system than existing CRISPR-Cas9 technologies.

  • A genome-editing tool that allows scientists to precisely cut and modify DNA sequences.
  • Involves 2 key molecules –
    • A guide RNA designed to find and bind to specific part of target genome.
    • Cas9 acts as molecular scissors that can cut two strands of DNA.
  • Applications – Treatment of diseases like cancer and hepatitis B, producing genetically modified organisms, enhance crop resilience etc.
  • Scientists explored FnCas9 enzyme which is highly precise.

Uttar Pradesh government approved a 1,200 MW pumped storage power project in Sonabhadra.

  • A configuration of 2 water reservoirs at different elevations that can generate power as water moves down from one to the other (discharge), passing through a turbine.
  • Use the principle of gravity to generate electricity.
  • Also requires power as it pumps water back into the upper reservoir (recharge).

Defense Acquisition Council accorded Acceptance of Necessity for procurement of Advanced Land Navigation System (ALNS), ALNS Mk-II for Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs) of Indian Army.

  • A Ring Laser Gyro (RLG) based navigation system.
  • An equipment mounted in Armoured vehicles for Land Navigation in featureless terrain. 
  • 3 different modes – Inertial Mode (independent of GPS), Hybrid Mode (taking inputs from both Inertial sensor and GPS receiver) and GPS Mode (independent of Inertial sensor input). 
  • ALNS Mk-II is compatible with NaVIC and GLONASS

As per report, Defence Acquisition Council, chaired by Defence Minister, reviewed and approved amendments to the deal for 31 MQ-9B High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV).

  • Has 2 variants – SkyGuardian and SeaGuardian (Maritime variant).
  • Designed to fly over the horizon via satellite for up to 40 hours (SkyGuardian) and 30 hours (SeaGuardian).
  • Weapons – Laser guided missiles, Anti-tank missiles, Anti-ship missiles etc.
  • Missions Capability – Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief, Electronic Warfare, Anti-Surface Warfare, Anti-Submarine Warfare etc.

Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change launched Ideas4LiFE portal.

  • Aim – To encourage and motivate students, faculty and research scholars to contribute their innovative ideas to global initiative of Mission LiFE.
  • Focuses on bringing behavioural changes related to environment-friendly lifestyles.
  • Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) – Launched in 2022
  • Focuses on bringing about behaviour changes in individuals for combatting climate change. 

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