UPSC Prelims Facts – 20 August 2024

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President approved 103 Gallantry awards to Armed Forces and Central Armed Police Forces personnel on Independence Day 2024.

  • Order of Precedence: Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Mahavir Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Vir Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra.
  • Announcement: Twice a year – Republic Day and Independence Day.
  • Instituted: Wartime Gallantry Awards in 1950; Peacetime Gallantry Awards in 1952 (renamed in 1967).

Maiden flight test of Long Range Glide Bomb ‘GAURAV’ from Su-30 MK-I platform by DRDO.

  • Type: Air-launched 1,000 kg class glide bomb.
  • Capability: Hits targets at long distances.
  • Navigation: Steers towards target using a highly accurate hybrid navigation scheme combining Indian Navigation System (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) data.
  • Designed and developed indigenously by – Research Centre Imarat (RCI), Hyderabad.

Ministry of Jal Shakti launched version 2.0 of the ‘FloodWatch India’ mobile application.

  • Developer: Developed by the Central Water Commission (CWC).
    • CWC: Premier Technical Organisation in the field of water resources.
  • Aim: Disseminate information related to flood situations and flood forecasts up to 7 days on a real-time basis to the public using mobile phones.
  • Technologies: Utilizes advanced technologies such as satellite data analysis, mathematical modelling, and real-time monitoring.

Half a million humans may have died prematurely due to the functional extinction of vultures in India.

  • Keystone Species:
    • Vultures clean up disease-ridden carcasses.
    • Reduce populations of other scavengers (e.g., feral dogs) and pathogens.
  • Human Health Crisis:
    • Declined vulture population increased human mortality by over 4%.
    • Caused by a negative shock to sanitation (increased pathogens).
  • Economic Costs: Nearly $70 billion in annual monetary damage from this public health crisis.

Conducted by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to determine exposure to Mpox among India’s high-risk population.

  • Definition: Collection and testing of blood (or proxy specimen like oral fluid) from a defined population over a specified period.
  • Objective: Estimate prevalence of IgG antibodies against an infectious pathogen as an indicator of exposure.
  • Significance:
    • Estimate prevalence of infection.
    • Identify immunity gap.
    • Provide key parameters for infectious disease modeling.

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