Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

India spells out finance needs for biodiversity, conservation as laid down under the Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF)

  • Non-binding framework adopted at the 15th Conference of Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Montreal (2022).
  • Aim – To halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030.
  • Targets – Key target known as 30×30 Deal
    • Restore 30% degraded ecosystems globally (on land and sea) by 2030
    • Conserve and manage 30% areas (terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine) by 2030
  • A legally binding treaty to conserve biodiversity (ratified by 196 nations)
  • Objective – To protect biodiversity, ensure sustainable use, and promote fair and equitable benefit sharing.
  • CBD Secretariat – Montreal, Canada.
  • The Parties (Countries) under CBD, meet at regular intervals and these meetings are called Conference of Parties (COP).
  • Supplementary Agreements –
    • Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety – Seeks to protect biological diversity from the potential risks posed by living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology.
    • Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (ABS) – Adopted in 2010 in Nagoya, Japan at COP10.
  • India enacted Biological Diversity Act in 2002 for giving effect to the provisions of the CBD.

Source: The Hindu


Previous Year Question

Consider the following pairs:
Terms have sometimes seen in the news               Their origin
1. Annex-I Countries                                                  Cartagena Protocol
2. Certified Emissions Reductions                              Nagoya Protocol
3. Clean Development Mechanism                           Kyoto Protocol
which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2016 Prelims]

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Option 1 is not correct:

Annex I countries comes under Kyoto Protocol
Cartagena Protocol –  convention that governs the international movement of living-modified organisms (LMOs).
Option 2 is not correct:
Nagoya Protocol – to ensure that the benefits of using genetic resources and traditional knowledge are shared in a fair and equitable way.


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