Context:
- Global Renewables and Energy Efficiency Pledge signed by 118 countries on the sidelines of the annual UN climate summit (COP28).
- At COP28, UAE Declaration on Climate and Health Unveiled.
- Climate Club is launched at COP28 of UNFCCC.
- Declaration to Triple Nuclear Energy (DTNE) was launched at COP28.
Global Renewables and Energy Efficiency Pledge (GREE Pledge):
- Aim and objectives –
- To triple the global installed renewable energy capacity to at least 11,000GW
- To double the global energy efficiency improvement rate to more than 4% by 2030.
- To phase down unabated coal power and an end to the financing of new coal-fired power plants.
- The goal was mentioned in the New Delhi G20 Declaration.
- It has the potential to avoid greenhouse gas emissions by about 7 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent.
- The pledge will enable –
- Collaborate on resilient value chains and technology development.
- Expand financial support for scaling renewable energy
- Enhance technical support and capacity building for developing economies
- Accelerate cross-border grid interconnections.
- All the G20 countries barring India, China, and Russia have signed on to the pledge.
- India did not sign the pledge as India as part of its nationally determined contributions (NDCs) has committed to install 500 GW of electricity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030.
India has mentioned that coal is and will remain an important part of India’s energy mix because India will witness the largest energy demand growth over the next 30 years, which may not be met by renewables alone.
Climate Club:
- An open, inclusive high-level forum for cooperation on climate action, particularly decarbonisation of industry.
- Support the implementation of Paris Agreement (2015) goals.
- 1st proposed by – Germany during a G7 summit meeting (2022).
- Membership – 36 countries. (India is not a member)
- Interim Secretariat – Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and International Energy Agency (IEA).
G7 is an informal grouping of advanced economies which includes United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and United Kingdom.
UAE Declaration on Climate and Health:
- Released by – United Arab Emirates (UAE) in partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO).
- Aligned with the 1st ever Health day organised by the Conference of Parties (COP) of UNFCCC.
- Objective –
- Place health at the heart of climate action and accelerate the development of climate-resilient, sustainable and equitable health systems.
- Aims to promote ‘one health approach’.
- Recognizes the interconnection between people, animals, plants, and their shared environment.
- Endorsed by: Over 120 countries including US, UK, Brazil etc.
- India has not signed it yet.
In order to implement the declaration, COP28 Guiding Principles for Financing Climate and Health Solutions were also unveiled. Moreover, Asian Development Bank announced the launch of a new Climate and Health Initiative to support the health related commitment.
Declaration to Triple Nuclear Energy (DTNE):
- Objective – To triple the world’s nuclear energy capacity.
- Recognizes the key role of nuclear energy in achieving global net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
- Endorsed by – 20 countries which include the United States, Japan, Ghana, and several European countries.
- India is not part of it.
Source: The Hindu | The Hindu 2 | DOE | DTE
Previous Year Question
With reference to ‘Global Climate Change Alliance’, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is an initiative of the European Union.
2. It provides technical and financial support to targeted developing countries to integrate climate change into their development policies and budgets.
3. It is coordinated by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2017 Prelims]
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a)
