Context:
Human Development Index 2022 launched
Human Development Index:
- HDI – Composite index that measures average achievement in human development
- Released by – UNDP
- Ranking – Performances of nations are denoted by a number between 0 and 1. A country’s HDI value increases with its level of human development.
- 4 indicators of HDI –
- Life expectancy at birth – Average number of years a newborn is expected to live
- Expected years of schooling – Number of years a child of school entrance age is expected to spend at school, or university, including years spent on repetition
- Mean years of schooling – Average number of completed years of education of a population
- Gross national income (GNI) – Total income earned by a country’s people and businesses
Image Credits: UNDP
India’s Ranking:
- Current Rank – 134 out of 193 countries
- Areas of improvements –
- In 2022, India saw improvements across all HDI indicators.
- India improved its ranking on the Gender Inequality Index from 122 to 108
| Year | 2021 | 2022 |
| Life expectancy | 67.2 year | 67.7 years |
| Expected years of schooling g | 12 | 12.6 |
| Per capita gross national income | $6,542 | $6,951 |
- Challenge – One of the largest gender gaps in its labour force participation rate
Source: The Indian Express
Previous Year Question
The Multi-dimensional Poverty Index developed by Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative with UNDP support covers which of the following?1. Deprivation of education, health, assets and services at household level
2. Purchasing power parity at national level
3. Extent of budget deficit and GDP growth rate at national level
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
[UPSC Civil Service Exam – 2012 Prelims]
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Purchasing power parity at national level and the extent of budget deficit and GDP growth rate at national level are not covered under Multi-dimensional Poverty Index
