Q. Elucidate the relationship between globalization and new technology in a world of scarce resources, with special reference to India. (250 words, 15 Marks)
Why the Question?
UPSC PYQ – CSE Mains – 2022
Keywords of the Question
- Relationship between globalization and new technology
- World of scarce resources
Directive Word
Elucidate – Means to make something clear or to explain it in detail. When a question asks you to elucidate, you are expected to provide a thorough explanation, often with examples, to clarify the concept or topic in question
How to approach this Question?
Introduction
- Define globalization.
- Briefly mention the role of new technology in globalization.
- Introduce the concept of scarce resources.
Body
- Positive Aspects:
- Access to scarce resources through globalization.
- Technology transfer and its benefits.
- Efficiency in resource utilization.
- Examples specific to India (e.g., digital agriculture, renewable energy).
- Negative Aspects:
- Over-exploitation of resources.
- Environmental degradation.
- Socio-economic inequalities.
- Examples specific to India (e.g., water scarcity, e-waste).
- Balancing Act:
- Policies and strategies for sustainable development.
- Role of international cooperation.
- Technological innovations for resource management.
Conclusion
- Summarize the interplay between globalization, technology, and scarce resources.
- Emphasize the need for sustainable practices.
- Highlight India’s potential to lead in balancing development and resource management.
Note: Please note that the following ‘answers’ are not ‘model answers’ nor are they synopses in the strictest sense. Instead, they are content designed to meet the demands of the question while providing comprehensive coverage of the topic.
Answer Key
Introduction
Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations, driven by cross-border trade, investment, and technology. In a world of scarce resources, the relationship between globalization and new technology is crucial, especially for a developing country like India.
Body
Positive Aspects:
- Access to Scarce Resources: Globalization facilitates the transfer of technology and resources across borders. For instance, India imports crude oil and advanced machinery, which are essential for its industrial growth.
- Technological Advancements: New technologies, such as renewable energy solutions, help optimize the use of scarce resources. India’s National Solar Mission aims to generate 100 GW of solar power by 2022, reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
- Economic Growth: Globalization has opened up new markets for Indian products, boosting economic growth. The IT sector, for example, has flourished due to global demand, contributing significantly to GDP.
- Improved Efficiency: Technologies like precision agriculture and drip irrigation have improved resource efficiency in agriculture, addressing water scarcity issues.
Negative Aspects:
- Resource Depletion: Rapid industrialization and urbanization, driven by globalization, have led to over-exploitation of natural resources. India faces severe groundwater depletion due to excessive extraction.
- Environmental Degradation: Industrial activities contribute to pollution and environmental degradation. For example, air pollution in cities like Delhi has reached alarming levels.
- Inequality: The benefits of globalization and technology are not evenly distributed. Rural areas often lag in technological adoption, exacerbating regional disparities.
Balancing Act:
To effectively balance the positive and negative aspects of globalization and new technology, India must adopt a multi-faceted approach:
- Sustainable Practices: Encourage the use of sustainable technologies and practices to minimize environmental impact. This includes promoting renewable energy sources, efficient water management, and sustainable agriculture.
- Equitable Access: Ensure that technological advancements reach rural and underserved areas. This can be achieved through government initiatives, public-private partnerships, and investment in infrastructure.
- Regulation and Monitoring: Implement strict regulations and monitoring mechanisms to prevent over-exploitation of natural resources and control pollution levels. This includes enforcing environmental laws and promoting corporate social responsibility.
- Education and Awareness: Raise awareness about the importance of sustainable practices and the benefits of new technologies. Education programs can help communities understand and adopt these practices effectively.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while globalization and new technology offer significant opportunities for optimizing resource use and driving economic growth, they also pose challenges such as resource depletion and inequality. India must balance these aspects by promoting sustainable practices, ensuring equitable access to technological advancements, and implementing effective regulations. By doing so, India can harness the benefits of globalization and technology while mitigating their negative impacts.
Mind Map
