Q. Identify and discuss the factors responsible for diversity of natural vegetation in India. Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rain forest regions of India. (250 words, 15 Marks)
Why the Question?
UPSC PYQ – CSE Mains – 2023
Keywords of the Question
- Factors responsible
- Diversity of natural vegetation in India
- Significance of wildlife sanctuaries
- Rain forest regions of India
Directive Word
Discuss – Essentially this is a written debate where you are using your skill at reasoning, backed up by carefully selected evidence to make a case for and against an argument, or point out the advantages and disadvantages of a given context. Remember to arrive at a conclusion
Assess – Weigh up to what extent something is true. Persuade the reader of your argument by citing relevant research but also remember to point out any flaws and counter-arguments as well. Conclude by stating clearly how far you are in agreement with the original proposition.
How to approach this Question?
Introduction
- Briefly introduce the concept of natural vegetation.
- Mention India’s diverse climatic and geographical conditions.
Body
- Factors Responsible for Diversity of Natural Vegetation in India:
- Climate (temperature, precipitation)
- Soil types
- Topography
- Altitude
- Human activities
- Significance of Wildlife Sanctuaries in Rainforest Regions:
- Biodiversity conservation
- Protection of endangered species
- Ecological balance
- Research and education
- Eco-tourism and local economy
Conclusion
- Summarize the importance of diverse natural vegetation.
- Highlight the role of wildlife sanctuaries in preserving rainforests.
- Conclude with a forward-looking statement on sustainable conservation efforts.
Note: Please note that the following ‘answers’ are not ‘model answers’ nor are they synopses in the strictest sense. Instead, they are content designed to meet the demands of the question while providing comprehensive coverage of the topic.
Answer Key
Introduction
Natural vegetation refers to the plant life that grows naturally in a region without human intervention. India, with its vast and varied climatic and geographical conditions, boasts a rich diversity of natural vegetation, ranging from tropical rainforests to alpine vegetation.
Body
Factors Responsible for Diversity of Natural Vegetation in India:
- Climate (Temperature and Precipitation):
- Temperature: Varies from tropical in the south to temperate and alpine in the north. This variation supports different types of vegetation, from tropical rainforests in Kerala to alpine meadows in the Himalayas.
- Precipitation: Areas with high rainfall, like the Western Ghats and northeastern states, support dense forests, while arid regions like Rajasthan have sparse vegetation.
- Soil Types:
- Different soil types, such as alluvial, black, red, and laterite soils, support different kinds of vegetation. For instance, alluvial soils in the Indo-Gangetic plains support deciduous forests, while black soils in the Deccan plateau are suitable for cotton and other crops.
- Topography:
- The physical features of the land, including mountains, plateaus, and plains, influence vegetation. Mountainous regions have distinct vegetation zones based on altitude, while plains support extensive grasslands and forests.
- Altitude:
- Higher altitudes have cooler temperatures and different vegetation types compared to low-lying areas. For example, the Himalayas have distinct vegetation zones ranging from tropical forests at lower altitudes to alpine vegetation at higher altitudes.
- Human Activities:
- Deforestation, agriculture, urbanization, and industrialization have significantly altered natural vegetation. Conservation efforts and afforestation programs aim to restore and protect natural habitats.
Significance of Wildlife Sanctuaries in Rainforest Regions:
- Biodiversity Conservation:
- Wildlife sanctuaries protect diverse species of flora and fauna, ensuring the survival of many endemic and endangered species. For example, the Silent Valley National Park in Kerala is home to several rare species.
- Protection of Endangered Species:
- Sanctuaries provide a safe habitat for endangered species, such as the Lion-tailed Macaque and the Nilgiri Tahr, protecting them from poaching and habitat destruction.
- Ecological Balance:
- By preserving natural habitats, wildlife sanctuaries maintain ecological balance, supporting various ecosystem services like water purification, climate regulation, and soil fertility.
- Research and Education:
- These sanctuaries serve as living laboratories for scientific research and environmental education, helping to study and understand ecological processes and biodiversity.
- Eco-tourism and Local Economy:
- Wildlife sanctuaries promote eco-tourism, providing economic benefits to local communities through sustainable tourism practices. This also raises awareness about conservation issues.
Conclusion
India’s diverse natural vegetation is a testament to its varied climatic and geographical conditions. Wildlife sanctuaries in rainforest regions play a crucial role in conserving biodiversity, protecting endangered species, and maintaining ecological balance. Sustainable conservation efforts are essential to preserve these natural treasures for future generations.
Mind Map
