Q. To what extent, in your opinion, as the decentralisation of power in India changed the governance landscape at the grassroots? (150 words, 10 Marks)
Why the Question?
UPSC PYQ – CSE Mains – 2022
Keywords of the Question
- Decentralisation of power
- Governance landscape
- Grassroots
Directive Word
To what extent, in your opinion – It asks you to evaluate the degree to which a statement or proposition is true or valid. You need to express your opinion on the extent to which you agree or disagree with the given statement or findings. Support your opinion with evidence or examples from a wide range of sources. This could include historical data, current events, scholarly articles, or other relevant information.
Present both supporting and contradicting arguments. This shows a comprehensive understanding of the topic and demonstrates critical thinking. Clearly state your final position, summarizing the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement.
How to approach this Question?
Introduction
- Briefly define decentralization of power.
- Mention the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments as key milestones.
Body
- Positive Impacts:
- Increased local governance and participation.
- Empowerment of marginalized communities and women.
- Improved implementation of local development programs.
- Challenges:
- Inadequate funding and resources.
- Limited administrative and fiscal autonomy.
- Issues with accountability and capacity building.
Conclusion
- Summarize the overall impact of decentralization.
- State your opinion on the extent of change in grassroots governance.
- Suggest areas for further improvement.
Note: Please note that the following ‘answers’ are not ‘model answers’ nor are they synopses in the strictest sense. Instead, they are content designed to meet the demands of the question while providing comprehensive coverage of the topic.
Answer Key
Introduction
The decentralization of power in India, marked by the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments, aimed to empower local governance through Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and urban local bodies. This shift has significantly impacted grassroots governance.
Body
- Positive Impacts:
- Increased Local Governance and Participation: The amendments have led to higher voter participation at the local level. For instance, voter turnout in panchayat elections often exceeds 80%, compared to around 60% in general elections.
- Empowerment of Marginalized Communities and Women: The reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women has increased their representation. For example, women now hold over 46% of the seats in PRIs.
- Improved Implementation of Local Development Programs: PRIs play a crucial role in implementing schemes like MGNREGA, ensuring that benefits reach the intended beneficiaries.
- Challenges:
- Inadequate Funding and Resources: Many local bodies struggle with insufficient funds and resources. For example, a World Bank study highlighted that PRIs often lack the financial autonomy to execute their functions effectively.
- Limited Administrative and Fiscal Autonomy: Despite the constitutional provisions, many states have not fully devolved powers to local bodies. States like Kerala and Karnataka are exceptions, where local bodies have more discretionary powers.
- Issues with Accountability and Capacity Building: There are challenges in ensuring accountability and building the capacity of local representatives. This often leads to inefficiencies in governance.
Conclusion
Decentralization has significantly transformed grassroots governance in India by enhancing local participation and empowering marginalized groups. However, challenges like inadequate funding and limited autonomy persist. Continuous efforts are needed to strengthen decentralized governance and fully realize its potential.