Context:
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) released Global Innovation Index (GII) 2024 report.
Global Innovation Index (GII):
- A reliable tool for governments across the world to assess the innovation-led social and economic changes in their respective countries.
- Co-published by – WIPO, Cornell University and INSEAD Business School.
- Criteria to measure innovation include institutions, human capital and research, infrastructure, credit, investment, linkages; creation, absorption and diffusion of knowledge; and creative outputs.
- GII 2024 Theme: Highlights the growing significance of social entrepreneurship.
Social Entrepreneurship: Developing and implementing innovative organizational models to address social and/or environmental challenges, without profit as the primary purpose.
Significance of GII
- Economic Contribution
- Global GDP: Approximately $2 trillion.
- Employment Creation
- Social Enterprises: Estimated 10-11 million.
- Social Entrepreneurs: Around 30 million.
- Sustainable Livelihoods: Helps millions build sustainable livelihoods.
- Social Impact
- Poverty: Tackles poverty.
- Environmental Devastation: Addresses environmental devastation.
- Racial and Social Injustice: Combats racial and social injustice.
Key Findings
- Switzerland maintains top position, followed by Sweden, US, and Singapore.
- India rises to 39th position (from 40th in 2023) among 133 global economies.
- India ranks first among lower middle-income economies and in Central and Southern Asia for:
- Knowledge and technology outputs
- Creative outputs
- Institutions
- Business sophistication
- India’s strengths include:
- ICT services exports
- Venture capital received
- Intangible asset intensity
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO):
- Genesis – Specialized agency of the United Nations, established in 1967.
- Headquarters – Geneva, Switzerland
- Objective – Dedicated to developing a balanced and accessible international Intellectual Property (IP) system which rewards creativity, stimulates innovation and contributes to economic development.
- Membership – 193 member states (India is a member since 1975)
- Organizational structure – General Assembly and the Coordination Committee
- Major Treaties – India is a member of all the three treaties.
- Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (1998)
- Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1928)
- Patent Cooperation Treaty (1998)
Source: ET
Previous Year Question
Which one of the following is not a sub-index of the World Bank’s ‘Ease of Doing Business Index’?
[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2019 Prelims]
(a) Maintenance of law and order
(b) Paying taxes
(c) Registering property
(d) Dealing with construction permits
Answer: (a)
