Syllabus
GS Paper 3 – Developments in Science and Technology, Applications of scientific developments in everyday life
Applications where to apply?
When asked about
– Research and Development
– Science Sector reforms
– Make in India
Context
Supporting science and scientists is essential in India’s quest to become a major economic powerhouse.
Source
The Hindu| Editorial dated 20th April 2024
Scientists and a wish list for the incoming government
As India transitions into a new government, scientists across the nation are urging their elected representatives to address five fundamental issues critical to the advancement of scientific research and development. These issues encompass a wide range of concerns, from increasing spending on research to ensuring academic freedom and fostering innovation. The resolution of these challenges is imperative for India to emerge as a global leader in scientific innovation and knowledge creation.
Current issues faced by scientists in India include
- Inadequate funding:
- The nation’s gross domestic expenditure on research and development is currently below 0.7% of GDP, with private players contributing less than 40% of the total spending.
- Insufficient infrastructure:
- Public sector institutions such as universities and research institutions lack adequate physical and intellectual infrastructure.
- Lack of merit-based hiring:
- The hiring process in educational and research institutions is opaque and based on external influence.
- Delay in appointments is another pressing issue.
- Complex grant management system:
- The current system is plagued by red tape and delays in fund disbursal, hindering research progress.
- Lack of academic freedom:
- Scientists face restrictions on freedom of speech and expression, which inhibits their ability to conduct research and innovate freely.
- There is no full autonomy for scientists to pursue entrepreneurial ventures, hire staff, and spend research funds as they see fit, without excessive bureaucratic interference
Way Ahead
Increase Spending
- Government and Private Sector Collaboration: Foster collaboration between the government and private sector to increase R&D spending.
- Annual Spending Targets: Set annual targets for government spending on R&D, aiming for a significant increase year-over-year.
- Private Sector Contribution: Encourage the private sector to contribute to R&D funding, such as through initiatives like the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF).
- Mechanisms for Guarantee: Establish mechanisms like escrow accounts to ensure private sector contributions are guaranteed.
Infrastructure Improvement
- Modernization Programs: Initiate modernization programs for science laboratories in educational institutions and research facilities.
- Recruitment Drive: Launch recruitment drives to hire quality teachers and researchers to fill sanctioned positions and effectively double the number over the next five years.
- Attracting Talent: Improve infrastructure to attract and retain skilled scientists and students, including better accommodation and research facilities.
Merit-based Hiring
- Transparent Selection Process: Implement a transparent and merit-based hiring process in educational and research institutions.
- Adherence to Global Norms: Ensure selection criteria align with global norms of merit, with unbiased committees making selections.
- Timely Appointment: Ensure appointment letters are provided within a strict timeline, preferably within six months from the time of application.
Streamlined Grant Management
- Simplify Procedures: Simplify grant submission processes and reduce red tape to facilitate faster and timely grant disbursal.
- Autonomy for Scientists: Provide autonomy to individual scientists in managing their research grants, allowing flexibility in spending and procurement.
- Accountability Measures: Maintain accountability by holding scientists responsible for effective utilization of research funds.
Freedom of Expression
- Protect Academic Freedom: Ensure freedom of expression for scientists based on evidence, free from interference or influence.
- Promote Entrepreneurship: Facilitate scientists’ involvement in entrepreneurship and innovation by providing autonomy and flexibility.
- Support for Participation: Support scientists’ participation in conferences and collaborations, both nationally and internationally, to foster knowledge exchange and innovation.
Conclusion
Addressing the concerns raised by scientists is indispensable for India’s journey towards becoming a global scientific powerhouse. By prioritizing increased spending, infrastructure enhancement, merit-based hiring, streamlined grant management, and academic freedom, the new government can foster an environment conducive to scientific excellence and innovation. Embracing these initiatives will not only empower scientists but also propel India towards achieving its aspirations of economic growth and societal development through scientific advancement.
Related Topics
Scientific Social Responsibility (SSR)
Scientific Social Responsibility (SSR) is the confluence of scientific knowledge with visionary leadership and social conscience.
SSR Policy
- Under the programme, researchers who are working on a science project funded by any of the Ministries under the Central government will have to undertake activities to popularise science and make it more accessible to the public.
- It will include a range of activities like delivering lectures in educational institutes, writing an article in a magazine or doing something beyond the curriculum.
- The science outreach would be mandatory and researchers had to include this as part of their outcome report.
References
Science and Tech reforms – NITI Aayog
Related PYQ
Scientific research in Indian universities is declining, because a career in science is not as attractive as our business operations, engineering or administration, and the universities are becoming consumer-oriented. Critically comment. [UPSC Civil Services Exam – Mains 2014]
Practice Question
Enumerate the issues faced by scientific fraternity in India. [150 words]